Protein synthesis lab

The body produces proteins in two steps, first DNA is transcribed into mRNA by an enzyme. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus, and goes to the ribosome. It attaches to the ribosome, and the ribosome creates a protein. The ribosome reads the mRNA in the base codons, and adds an amino acid depending on the codon. Once the ribosome reaches a stop codon it stop adding amino acids, and the protein is finished.




https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Gene_expression_control.png


The type of mutation with the least effect was substitution, because it only had an effect on one codon, this mutation has a good chance of having no effect if tit occurs in the last base pair of a codon. Insertion, and deletion had the most effect, because they effect all the codons after the point where the mutation occurs. These mutations have the most effect if the are toward the beginning of an mRNA sequence.



http://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/point_mutation_types.png


To make a mutation with maximum effect I substituted one of the base pairs in the first codon. I chose this because it would change the start codon, which would prevent the ribosome from making a protein at all. This mutation has to occur in the fist codon for it to have a major effect, otherwise it's effect will be very minor.



https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67/Different_Types_of_Mutations.png


There is a genetic disorder called progeria, which has the symptom of an increased rate of aging. This usually results in the death of the person with the disorder due to a stoke or heart attack by the age of 20.

http://api.ning.com/files/rij9YXbYphAbAgYkKuHnEMcN0EoYnljvCN3Na44C-XRZsDjNcAW7VPfQcTyhkR8Esf49kNsXhP6BMl0uPyvyWw__/1.HutchinsonGilfordProgeriaSyndrome.jpg?width=229&height=350